Root canal treatment is required if the nerve in a tooth has died due to decay, extensive treatment or trauma. The aim is to remove infected nerve tissue and seal the root canal system in order to preserve the tooth. Root canal treatment is carried out under local anaesthetic using a rubber dam (a small rubber sheet) which protects the patient and provides a clean working area. Root canal treatment may be carried out over one or two appointments, and a crown is usually recommended following treatment, to protect the tooth from fracture.